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CMC arthritis, also known as carpometacarpal arthritis or thumb arthritis, is a degenerative condition that affects the joint at the base of the thumb (carpometacarpal or CMC joint).
Common Symptoms
Cause & Anatomy
CMC arthritis commonly occurs with aging as the cartilage at the ends of the bones wears away, causing friction and joint damage. Prior injuries or fractures to the thumb joint can also increase the risk.
The CMC joint connects the base of the thumb (metacarpal bone) to the wrist (trapezium bone of the carpal bones). This joint allows the thumb to move in various directions for gripping and pinching.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is typically made through a physical exam, checking for pain, swelling, and limited range of motion. X-rays can confirm cartilage deterioration and bone spurs.
Prevention
Minimizing trauma or fractures to the thumb joint and using protective gear when moving heavy objects can help reduce the risk. Repetitive activities with strong pinching can aggravate the pain and worsen the use of the thumb.
Treatment
Surgery
Surgical options include joint fusion (fusing the bones to reduce friction), joint replacement (removing part of the joint), or suspending the thumb using a tendon graft (most common).
Rehabilitation
Involves wearing a cast/splint for 6 weeks, followed by physical/occupational therapy to regain strength and motion. Full recovery can take several months.
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