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Elbow fractures are common injuries in children, accounting for around 10% of all childhood fractures. They involve a break in one or more of the bones that make up the elbow joint – the humerus (upper arm bone), radius, and ulna (forearm bones). The elbow is a complex joint with an intricate network of nerves, blood vessels, ligaments, and growth plates in children, making these fractures potentially complicated.
Common Symptoms
- Sudden, intense pain in the elbow and forearm
- Swelling around the elbow
- Bruising and discoloration
- Inability or reluctance to move the arm
- Deformity or misalignment of the elbow
- Numbness in the hand (potential nerve injury)
Cause & Anatomy
Elbow fractures in children commonly occur due to:
- Falls on an outstretched arm or directly on the elbow
- Direct blows or trauma to the elbow region
- Sports injuries or accidents during play/activities
The elbow joint contains multiple growth plates (areas of cartilage) in children, which can be affected by fractures and complicate diagnosis and treatment.
Diagnosis
- Physical examination to assess pain, swelling, deformity, range of motion, and neurovascular status
- X-rays to visualize the fracture type, displacement, and alignment
- Comparison X-rays of the opposite arm may be needed for comparison
- MRI or CT scans in some cases to better visualize cartilage
Prevention
- Encourage safe play and sports practices
- Ensure proper supervision during activities
- Use protective gear (elbow pads/guards) for high-impact sports
Treatment
Treatment depends on the fracture type, displacement, and the child’s age/overall health.
Nonsurgical Treatment:
- Casting or splinting to immobilize stable, non-displaced fractures
- Closed reduction (manipulation) under anesthesia to realign bones before casting
Surgical Treatment:
- Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (inserting pins through the skin) for displaced fractures
- Open reduction and internal fixation (surgery) for open fractures, irreducible fractures, or those with neurovascular injuries
Surgery
Surgical treatment may be required for:
- Displaced fractures that cannot be properly realigned without surgery
- Open (compound) fractures where the bone protrudes through the skin
- Fractures accompanied by nerve or vascular (blood vessel) injuries
- Common surgical procedures include:
- Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning
- Open reduction and internal fixation with plates, screws, or wires
Rehabilitation
After treatment, rehabilitation may involve:
- Immobilization with a cast or splint for 3-6 weeks
- Physical therapy to restore range of motion and strength once healing begins
- Gradual return to activities and sports under professional guidance
FAQ’s
How long does it take for a child’s elbow fracture to heal?
Most children remain in a cast for 3-4 weeks following treatment. Healing typically takes 6-8 weeks, but can vary based on the fracture severity and the child’s age
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